American lawyer and civil rights activist Thurgood Marshall was sworn in as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming its first African American member. 1967.
Rafael Trujillo, the dictator of the Dominican Republic, gave a speech in Dajabón in which he made false claims about attacks by Haitians on local residents. Over the next several days, Dominican soldiers carried out what came to be known as the Parsley Massacre, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Haitians. 1937.
Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie ordered mobilization upon learning that Italian forces had crossed the frontier to begin the Italo-Ethiopian War. 1935.
British army officer John André was executed by the Americans as a spy after conducting secret meetings with American General Benedict Arnold during the American Revolution. 1780.
